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Agronomic Crops
Network: C.O.R.N. Newsletter and Beef Cattle Newsletter
From Sam Custer
OSU Extension, Darke County
Please find below this week’s CORN Newsletter. Tips are given on
how to approximate yield so that you can take advantage of some of
these pricing bumps.
Dairies: Don’t forget you need to make your Margin Protection
choice by September 30. A tool to help you make those decisions
can be found at http://dairymarkets.org/MPP/
The August 5, issue # 947, of the Ohio BEEF Cattle letter is now posted
to the web at: http://beef.osu.edu/beef/beefAug0515.html
There’s still time to grow a lot of high quality forage that’s easily
harvested by the cattle later in the year. This week both Rory
Lewandowski and Chris Penrose offer suggestions to enhance the results
of stockpiling forage.
If you’re at State Fair today, stop by the Taste of Ohio Café in the
Food Pavilion and say hi to the OSU Extension Beef Team, who’ll be
working the Ohio Cattlemen’s Beef Stand beginning at 2:30. You’ll
probably want to enjoy a Buckeye Ribeye while you’re there!
Articles this week include:
Stockpiling Pasture for Late Season Grazing
Improving the Odds of Successfully Stockpiling Fescue
Fed Cattle Prices Looking for Seasonal Low
Sam
If you are unable to view the C.O.R.N. Newsletter correctly, please
visit us at http://corn.osu.edu.
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C.O.R.N. Newsletter 2015-25
August 10-17, 2015 Editor: Rory Lewandowski
In this issue:
Estimating Corn Yields
Weather Outlook
Modified Relay Intercropping Field Day
Tri-state Yield Monitor Workshop
Fertilizer Applicator Certification Training Field Day
Editor's Note
Estimating Corn Yields
Authors: Peter Thomison
This is the time during the growing season when crop tours and seed
companies start posting yield predictions for corn. Most of the corn
crop in Ohio is probably at the dough stage (R4). Given the tremendous
variability in crop quality across the state and between and within
fields, it will be particularly interesting this year see how close
yield estimates come to matching what's harvested this fall. Moreover,
although there may be little or no yield from many fields damaged by
excessive rainfall and saturated soil conditions (and related problems,
e.g. N deficiency, poorly developed root systems), the fate of other
corn fields has yet to be determined. Other factors could cut yields
further. Many fields that were excessively wet several weeks ago could
now benefit from rain. Shallow, limited root systems attributable to
excessive soil moisture may predispose corn to late season soil
moisture deficits. Several foliar diseases, esp. northern corn leaf
blight and gray leaf spot, are widespread. Not surprisingly, the
predictions I've received thus far indicate a wide range in corn yields.
Two procedures that are widely used for estimating corn grain yields
prior to harvest are the YIELD COMPONENT METHOD (also referred to as
the "slide rule" or corn yield calculator) and the EAR WEIGHT METHOD.
Each method will often produce yield estimates that are within 20 bu/ac
of actual yield. Such estimates can be helpful for general planning
purposes.
THE YIELD COMPONENT METHOD was developed by the Agricultural
Engineering Department at the University of Illinois. The principle
advantage to this method is that it can be used as early as the milk
stage of kernel development, a stage many Ohio corn fields have
probably achieved. The yield component method involves use of a
numerical constant for kernel weight which is figured into an equation
in order to calculate grain yield. This numerical constant is sometimes
referred to as a "fudge‑factor" since it is based on a predetermined
average kernel weight. Since weight per kernel will vary depending on
hybrid and environment, the yield component method should be used only
to estimate relative grain yields, i.e. "ballpark" grain yields. When
below normal rainfall occurs during grain fill (resulting in low kernel
weights), the yield component method will OVERESTIMATE yields. In a
year with good grain fill conditions (resulting in high kernel weights)
the method will underestimate grain yields.
In the past, the YIELD COMPONENT METHOD equation used a "fudge factor"
of 90 (as the average value for kernel weight, expressed as 90,000
kernels per 56 lb bushel), but kernel size has increased as hybrids
have improved over the years. Dr. Bob Nielsen at Purdue University
suggests that a "fudge factor" of 80 to 85 (85,000 kernels per 56 lb
bushel) is a more realistic value to use in the yield estimation
equation today. For more on this check
http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/YldEstMethod.html.
Step 1. Count the number of harvestable ears in a length of row
equivalent to 1/1000th acre. For 30‑inch rows, this would be 17 ft. 5
in.
Step 2. On every fifth ear, count the number of kernel rows per ear and
determine the average.
Step 3. On each of these ears count the number of kernels per row and
determine the average. (Do not count kernels on either the butt or tip
of the ear that are less than half the size of normal size kernels.)
Step 4. Yield (bushels per acre) equals (ear #) x (avg. row #) x (avg.
kernel #) divided by 85.
Step 5. Repeat the procedure for at least four additional sites across
the field. Keep in mind that uniformity of plant development affects
the accuracy of the estimation technique.
The more variable crop development is across a field, the greater the
number of samples that should be taken to estimate yield for the field.
Example: You are evaluating a field with 30‑inch rows. You counted 29
ears (per 17' 5" = row section). Sampling every fifth ear resulted in
an average row number of 16 and an average number of kernels per row of
33. The estimated yield for that site in the field would be (29 x 16 x
33) divided by 85, which equals 180 bu/acre.
THE EAR WEIGHT METHOD can only be used after the grain is
physiologically mature (black layer), which occurs at about 30‑35%
grain moisture. Since this method is based on actual ear weight, it
should be somewhat more accurate than the yield component method above.
However, there still is a fudge factor in the formula to account for
average shellout percentage.
Sample several sites in the field. At each site, measure off a length
of row equal to 1/1000th acre. Count the number of harvestable ears in
the 1/1000th acre. Weigh every fifth ear and calculate the average ear
weight (pounds) for the site. Hand shell the same ears, mix the grain
well, and determine an average percent grain moisture with a portable
moisture tester.
Calculate estimated grain yield as follows:
Step A) Multiply ear number by average ear weight.
Step B) Multiply average grain moisture by 1.411.
Step C) Add 46.2 to the result from step B.
Step D) Divide the result from step A by the result from step C.
Step E) Multiply the result from step D by 1,000.
Example: You are evaluating a field with 30‑inch rows. You counted 24
ears (per 17 ft. 5 in. section). Sampling every fifth ear resulted in
an average ear weight of 1/2 pound. The average grain moisture was 30
percent. Estimated yield would be [(24 x 0.5) / ((1.411 x 30) + 46.2)]
x 1,000, which equals 135 bu/acre.
Because it can be used at a relatively early stage of kernel
development, the Yield Component Method may be of greater assistance to
farmers trying to make a decision about whether to harvest their corn
for grain or silage. This will be an important consideration this year
given the limited ear development present in many fields exhibiting
highly variable plant growth.
Reference: Nielsen, RL. 2014. Estimating Corn Grain Yield Prior
to Harvest. Corny News Network, Purdue University.
http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/YldEstMethod.html.
(URL checked Aug 2015).
Weather Outlook
Authors: Jim Noel
The outlook for August calls for slightly warmer than normal
temperatures and normal and slightly drier than normal. Normal rainfall
is about 0.75 inches per week in August.
As we go into the end of the growing season in September temperatures
will likely remain normal or slightly warmer than normal with rainfall
normal.
However, as we get into harvest season indications are it will turn
wetter than normal for October and November . This will challenge
harvest season again! This will add to an already tough year on Ohio
crops.
All indications are with wetness setting in during fall, the frost and
freeze season will likely be later than normal.
For the latest rainfall 16-day rainfall outlooks from NOAA Ohio River
Forecast Center, please visit:
http://www.erh.noaa.gov/ohrfc/HAS/images/NAEFS16day.pdf
Modified Relay Intercropping Field Day
Modified Relay Intercropping Field Day
modified relay intercropping
Authors: Jason Hartschuh
On August 26th from 10:00 to 11:45 there will be a field day at OSU
Extension Unger Farm, 1303 Bucyrus-Nevada Road, Bucyrus, Ohio 44820. We
will be reviewing the research that was done in Modified Relay
intercropping last year. We will continue with a plot tour looking at
our current research projects including seeding rate, and planting date
trials. The field day will finish up by looking at our Intercropping
equipment and a discussion on weed control. For more information or to
register for the field day contact OSU Extension Crawford County at
419-562-8731 or hartschuh.11@osu.edu
Tri-state Yield Monitor Workshop
Tri-state Yield Monitor Workshop
Authors: John Fulton, Harold Watters, CPAg/CCA
A Yield Monitor Data Workshop is scheduled for Tuesday August 25th and
Wednesday the 26th in Auburn, Indiana. Steve Miller (MSU) has been
coordinating this event - see attached flyer. This two-day
program features John Fulton, Ohio State University Precision Ag
specialist and Bob Nielson, Purdue Agronomy corn specialist. This
workshop provides a quick overview of precision agriculture then
focuses on the basics of yield monitors and what is necessary to
effectively use the extensive amount of data generated. Email Steve
Miller (mill1229@msu.edu) or Lyndon Kelley (kelleyl@anr.msu.edu) or
Call 269-467-5522 with questions.
TOPICS TO BE COVERED INCLUDE:
Current State of Precision Agriculture
Making Yield Data work for you
Precision Ag Technology for On‐Farm Research
Yield Monitors—basics of calibration and processing
data—data cleaning
Hands on working with real data
Demos
Cost is $50.00 per person, includes lunch Tuesday and Wednesdays and
refreshment breaks. Location is the 4-H Exhibit Hall at the DeKalb
County Fairgrounds, 708 S Union St, Auburn, IN 46706.
Workshop flyer
Fertilizer Applicator Certification Training Field Day
Authors: Amanda Bennett
A three-hour fertilizer application certification program for any
applicator that does not have a pesticide license will be offered on
August 27, 2015 from 8:45 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at Dulls Homestead, Inc.
at 10404 National Rd, Brookville, Ohio 45309. The morning will include
topics on phosphorus and nitrogen recommendations, soil sampling,
assessing nitrogen usage of corn in the field and looking at timing and
placement of manure applications for maximized economic return.
Certified Crop Advisor (CCA) and Ohio Certified Livestock Manager (CLM)
credits will be available. Pre-registration is preferred and you can
register by calling the Miami County OSU Extension office at
937-440-3945 or the Montgomery County OSU Extension office at
937-224-9654 x109 or emailing bennett.709@osu.edu or
mills-wasniak.1@osu.edu. Find full agenda
here.
Agricultural fertilizer applicator certification is required for
farmers who apply fertilizer to more than 50 acres of agricultural
production grown primarily for sale. Farmers who have their fertilizer
applied by co-ops or custom applicators are not required to be
certified. Those who have a pesticide applicator license need to
attend a two-hour fertilizer certification. If an applicator does not
have a pesticide license, they will be required to attend a three-hour
fertilizer certification. The Ohio Department of Agriculture is the
agency issuing the certification for agriculture fertilizer
applications. Their website has information regarding the regulation at
agri.ohio.gov. For more information about other training sessions
or general materials for the agriculture fertilizer certification,
visit nutrienteducation.osu.edu.
Editor's Note
Authors:
In last week’s article: “Pricing Corn Silage Update” the step 4 the
sentence should have read “based on current market values…”, instead of
“based on nutrient values…”
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and
appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry.
C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy
Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are
directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents
associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State
University.
Contributing to this issue:
Contributors:
Glen Arnold (Nutrient Management Field Specialist), Mark Badertscher
(Hardin), Debbie Brown (Shelby), Steve Culman, Sam Custer (Darke),
David Dugan (Adams, Brown, Highland), Mike Gastier (Huron), Mary
Griffith (Greene), Greg LaBarge (Agronomy Field Specialist), Ed Lentz
(Hancock), Les Ober (Geauga), Jeff Stachler (Auglaize), Harold Watters,
CPAg/CCA (Agronomy Field Specialist)
Authors:
Peter Thomison (Corn Production), Jim Noel (NOAA/NWS), Jason Hartschuh
(Crawford), John Fulton (Precision Agriculture), Harold Watters,
CPAg/CCA (Agronomy Field Specialist), Amanda Bennett (Miami)
Editor:
Rory Lewandowski
Disclaimer
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are
supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and
no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although
every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely,
and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the
pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
Ohio State University Extension embraces human diversity and is
committed to ensuring that all research and related educational
programs are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis
without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin,
sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, disability, or
veteran status. This statement is in accordance with United States
Civil Rights Laws and the USDA.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Agricultural
Administration; Associate Dean, College of Food, Agricultural, and
Environmental Sciences; Director, Ohio State University Extension and
Gist Chair in Extension Education and Leadership.
TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868.
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