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Agronomic Crops
Network: C.O.R.N. Newsletter
From Sam Custer
OSU Extension, Darke County
Nov 24
Please find below the latest edition of the C.O.R.N. newsletter.
The articles are all very timely.
Your seed selection is the one of the first of many critical choices
you will be making for next year. I know that many of you have
already made those selections, but a review of those may be important
to do now.
Did you have a variety this past year that did not perform? Was
disease pressure an issue for you? If you select that racehorse
variety to maximize yield but looked over disease tolerance you
probably had issues this past year. I encourage you to look at
what you have ordered and the disease tolerance ratings are.
Happy Thanksgiving to you and you’re family!
Sam
The Ohio State University
Samuel G. Custer Extension Educator, Agriculture & Natural Resources
OSU Extension, Darke County
603 Wagner Avenue Greenville, OH 45331
937-548-5215 Office | 937-547-6491 Fax
custer.2@osu.edu
www.darke.osu.edu
If you are unable to view the C.O.R.N. Newsletter correctly, please
visit us at http://corn.osu.edu.
The Ohio State University Extension
C.O.R.N. Newsletter 2015-38
Editor: Harold Watters, CPAg/CCA
In this issue:
2015 Ohio Corn Performance Test: Regional Overviews
2015 Ohio Soybean Performance Trials Available (update)
Why it doesn’t really matter whether Acuron is 2.637% better than Lexar
on giant ragweed
Ohio Certified Crop Adviser Pre-Exam Preparation Class, January 13
& 14
2016 West Ohio Agronomy Day will be held January 11th
2015 Ohio Corn Performance Test: Regional Overviews
Authors: Rich Minyo, Allen Geyer, Peter Thomison, David Lohnes
In 2015, 215 corn hybrids representing 27 commercial brands were
evaluated in the Ohio Corn Performance Test (OCPT). Four tests were
established in the Southwestern/West Central/Central (SW/WC/C) region
and three tests were established in the Northwestern (NW) and North
Central/Northeastern (NC/NE) regions (for a total of ten test sites
statewide). Hybrid entries in the regional tests were planted in
either an early or a full season maturity trial. These test sites
provided a range of growing conditions and production environments.
The 2015 growing season in Ohio was characterized by record rainfall in
June and July. Rainfall at Van Wert totaled 23.8 inches. However,
total rainfall and distribution of rainfall differed considerably
across test sites. Although soil conditions were excellent at planting
for emergence, excessive rainfall and protracted periods of soil
saturation at several sites resulted in highly variable corn growth and
development that was associated with stunted plants and nitrogen
deficiencies. Depending on the test site, excessive rainfall occurred
in the early vegetative stages through the mid-late vegetative and
tassel/silk vegetative stages. At several sites, including Beloit,
Wooster and S. Charleston, August rainfall was below average.
Temperatures were generally near normal to slightly above normal in May
and below normal to near normal June through August. Warm dry
conditions in September promoted crop maturation and dry down resulting
in drier than normal grain moisture and higher test weights. Disease
and insect pests were not a major factor at most test sites and stalk
lodging was generally negligible. Symptoms of northern corn leaf blight
and gray leaf spot were evident during grain fill and foliar fungicides
were applied at the Hebron and Washington CH test sites. Dry conditions
in August helped limit extensive disease development at other sites.
Yields were mixed across the state. Averaged across hybrid entries in
the early and full season tests, grain yields were 251 bu/A in the
Southwestern/West Central/Central region, 188 bu/A in the North
Central/Northeastern region, and 197 bu/A in the Northwestern region.
Yields at individual test sites, averaged across hybrid entries in the
early and full season tests, ranged from 148 bu/A at Beloit to 280 bu/A
at Hebron. Performance data for Upper Sandusky in the Northwestern
region and Greenville in the Southwestern/West Central/Central region
are not presented because excessive rainfall shortly after planting
combined with poor drainage resulted in highly uneven crop growth and
inconsistent yields.
Tables 1 and 2 provide an overview of 2015 hybrid performance in the
early maturity and full season hybrid trials by region. Averages for
grain yields and other measures of agronomic performance are indicated
for each region. In addition, the range in regional test site averages
is shown in parentheses. Complete results are available online at:
http://oardc.osu.edu/corntrials/
As you review 2015 test results, it’s important to keep the following
in mind. Confidence in test results increases with the number of years
and the number of locations in which the hybrid was tested. Avoid
selecting a hybrid based on data from a single test site, especially if
the site was characterized by abnormal growing conditions (like the
excessive rainfall in June and July that characterized the 2015 growing
season). Look for consistency in a hybrid's performance across a range
of environmental conditions. Consider Table 10 “Combined regional
summary of hybrid performance” which indicates the performance of
hybrids common to all tests as well as those in western Ohio.
Differences in grain moisture percentages among hybrids at harvest can
provide a basis for comparing hybrid maturity. Yield, % stalk
lodging, grain moisture, and other comparisons should be made between
hybrids of similar maturity to determine those best adapted to your
farm. Results of the crop performance trials for previous years are
also available online at: http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/archive.htm
2015 Ohio Soybean Performance Trials Available (update)
Authors: Laura Lindsey
The purpose of the Ohio Soybean Performance Trials is to evaluate
soybean varieties for yield and other agronomic characteristics. This
evaluation gives soybean producers comparative information for
selecting the best varieties for their unique production systems.
Varieties were grouped, tested, and analyzed by maturity (early and
late). Conventional, Liberty Link, and Roundup Ready varieties were
tested together and sprayed with conventional herbicides to allow for
head-to-head comparisons. Conventional, Liberty Link, and Roundup Ready
entries are statistically comparable within a maturity range (early or
late).
Last issue we indicated a link to a sortable table of the trials was
available – it was but we took it down as there were some problems with
the data presented. Please use the pdf of the 2015 Ohio Soybean
Performance Trials that can be found here:
http://stepupsoy.osu.edu/node/46
We will let you know as soon as the sortable site is available. Thank
you for your patience.
Why it doesn’t really matter whether Acuron is 2.637% better than Lexar
on giant ragweed
Authors: Mark Loux
The number of new herbicide introductions has slowed down over the past
couple years, and most of the “new” products are actually just a
recombination of existing active ingredients. The 2016 edition of
the “Weed Control Guide for Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois” contains
information on all but a few of the most recent products. A pdf
of the 2016 guide is available at http://u.osu.edu/osuweeds/, along
with videos that summarize new products and technology (hard copy of
the guide available by mid-December). One of the big questions
remaining about 2016 herbicide programs is, still, what will happen
with Xtend and Enlist soybeans and the associated herbicides. Dow
has an approved product label for Enlist Duo, but not all the necessary
export clearances yet for the Enlist soybeans. Monsanto is
apparently still working on everything– export clearances and dicamba
product label approvals – so who knows where we will be by April of
2016.
One of the persistent questions about new products this year has been -
“how much better is Acuron on giant ragweed compared with Lexar?” This
question was driven in part by a higher price for Acuron, although
apparently this price differential no longer exists. Both Acuron
and Lexar contain S-metolachlor (site 15), atrazine (site 5), and
mesotrione (site 27). Acuron also contains bicyclopyrone, another
site 27 inhibitor that contributes activity on larger-seeded broadleaf
weeds such as giant ragweed and cocklebur. The rate of atrazine
is lower in Acuron compared with Lexar, but this is presumably offset
by the addition of the bicyclopyrone. Acuron was sold in 2015 but
was not listed or rated in the weed control guide until this latest
edition. (See also this article from Iowa State -
http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/mgmt/2015/acuron.pdf.)
Lexar is already a very broad-spectrum herbicide premix, and the two
products have essentially identical ratings on grass and broadleaf
weeds across the board in the guide. One exception is giant
ragweed, where Acuron has rating of “8+” and Lexar has a rating of
“8”. The assignment of effectiveness ratings in the guide is the
result of discussion among all of the authors. There was just
enough research experience among all of us to conclude that Acuron can
at times be a little more effective on giant ragweed than Lexar, and
deserved a slightly higher rating. OSU weed scientists would have
been happy to keep the rating an “8” because we don’t believe any
residual herbicide deserves a higher rating on giant ragweed.
It’s a large-seeded weed that can germinate from fairly deep in the
soil profile and it emerges from March through early July, which
overall limits how effective residual herbicides can be on it. So
while a number of residual herbicides can provide 100% control of
smaller-seeded broadleaf weeds such as lambsquarters, pigweed, and
smartweed, this is near impossible to achieve for giant ragweed.
We were not convinced that there is a consistent difference in control
between Acuron and Lexar, but we agreed to the “8+” rating for Acuron
in the interest of world peace and collegiality, and maintaining
harmony with our weed control guide co-authors from Purdue and U. of
Illinois, who are a reasonably agreeable group of people most of the
time.
Here’s why none of this really matters though. Effective control
of giant ragweed almost always requires a combination PRE and POST
herbicide treatments. There are several good residual
herbicide programs for corn with substantial early-season activity on
giant ragweed. Acuron is one of these, along with Lexar, Lumax, and
mixtures of atrazine with Corvus, SureStart, Instigate or Balance
Flexx. None of these will completely control even a low
population of giant ragweed, but when there’s not much giant ragweed to
begin with, the number of escapes can be low enough that following with
POST herbicides is not economical. It’s a numbers game really, so
as soon as areas of higher ragweed density start to occur, the number
of escapes increases and even the most effective PRE herbicide program
will not be sufficient without a POST follow up. The fact that one of
these herbicide programs might be a little better than another then
becomes irrelevant, because without a POST treatment they all fail to
be effective enough at the end of the season. Giant ragweed
populations tend to be somewhat “patchy” in fields also, based on
things like soil properties, drainage, and proximity to infested
fencerows. So rather than having a low population uniformly
dispersed across a field, there is more likely to be widespread areas
with almost no ragweed and smaller areas where the population is still
moderate to high.
Remember that it’s much easier and economical to get effective giant
ragweed control in corn compared with soybeans, especially if the
ragweed has any level of resistance to glyphosate and ALS inhibitors.
Using the appropriate program in corn for ragweed pays dividends in the
following year(s) of soybeans. Giant ragweed does not produce a
lot of seed and the seed has a relatively short life in soil, so it’s
possible to greatly reduce the population over several years with
effective programs. In fields with more than a uniformly sparse
population of giant ragweed, factor the cost of a POST treatment into
the planning, rather than using the whole budget on PRE
herbicides. Using one of the more effective PRE treatments isn’t
a bad idea – just don’t continue to increase money spent on PRE
herbicides in hopes of getting by without a POST treatment.
And budget for something besides just glyphosate in the POST treatment,
since we are continuing to select for glyphosate resistance in our
giant ragweed populations due to glyphosate overuse in corn and
soybeans. Likewise, if the PRE herbicide program comes with the
guarantee of a “free” POST treatment to control escapes if necessary,
insist that the POST treatment be something other than just glyphosate.
Otherwise we’re all just continuing to shoot ourselves in the foot. Or
feet. Or cutting off our noses to spite our faces. Or looking
gift horses in the mouth. Whatever – you get the idea.
Ohio Certified Crop Adviser Pre-Exam Preparation Class, January 13
& 14
Authors: Harold Watters, CPAg/CCA
It’s time to register for the Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) Exam
Training program, sponsored and delivered by the OSU Extension
Agronomic Crops Team. The two-day class will be offered at the Shelby
County Extension Office, 810 Fair Rd, Sidney, Ohio 45365 on Jan. 13
& 14, 2016 beginning at 9:00 a.m. on the 13th and adjourn by 5:00
p.m. on the 14th. The price for the program is $225; secure on-line
registration via credit card, debit card or check is available at:
http://go.osu.edu/ccaexamprep. You must be registered to attend and
class size is limited.
Contact information for course lead:
Harold Watters, CPAg, CCA
Ohio State University Extension
1100 S. Detroit St
Bellefontaine, OH 43311
Phone 937 604-2415 cell or office 937 599-4227. Or
by email: watters.35@osu.edu.
International exam study guide:
There is a good resource “Preparing for the CCA Exam” that is available
to purchase for $45. To order:
http://store.ipni.net/products/preparing-for-the-international-certified-crop-adviser-exam.
This guide is divided into the four main categories of the exam;
Nutrient Management, Crop Management, Pest Management, Soil/Water
Management with subject matter and questions/answers at end of each
chapter. This manual is an excellent study guide for the International
Exam.
We will provide at the program to assist with study for the tri-state
exam:
Ohio Agronomy Guide,
Ohio & Indiana Weed Control Guide,
2014 Corn, Soybean, Wheat and Alfalfa Field Guide,
Tri-State Fertility Guide and
Modern Corn & Soybean Production.
And many handouts
Meals, snacks, coffee will also be provided at the site. Please inform
Harold Watters, watters.35@osu.edu, if you have any meal restrictions.
Presenters and subject areas:
Harold Watters, CCA – crop management
Greg LaBarge, CCA – pest management
Bruce Clevenger, CCA – soil & water management
Dr. Robert Mullen, CCA – nutrient management
Not yet registered for the CCA Exam?
Registration for the February 5, 2016 exam is open now. See the
registration information at:
https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/exams/registration. Registration
ends December 11th. Please keep in mind - to become eligible for CCA
certification, you must take and pass BOTH the International and your
local (tri-state) board exams.
New this year for current CCAs is the 4R NMS (nutrient management
specialty) exam in Ohio. Register by December 11th at the same link
above for the same February 5 exam date.
2016 West Ohio Agronomy Day will be held January 11th
Authors: Debbie Brown
The 2016 West Ohio Agronomy Day will be held on Monday, January 11th at
St. Michael’s Hall in Fort Loramie. Featured speakers this year
include Dr. Fred Whitford, Purdue University pesticide education; Dr.
Bob Nielsen, Purdue University agronomy; Dr. Pierce Paul, Ohio State
University plant pathology; and Dr. John Fulton, Ohio State University
ag engineering.
We will be providing Private Pesticide Applicator Recertification
credits (Core and Categories 1, 2, and 6) and Fertilizer Applicator
Certification Training for those who already hold a Pesticide
Applicator’s License (commercial or private). In addition,
Certified Crop Advisor CEUs will be available. Our daytime
program will run from 8:30 a.m. (breakfast and marketing update) to
4:00 p.m., with a noon-time meal break.
NOTE the CHANGE: The evening portion of West Ohio Agronomy Day
will be held on Tuesday, January 19th at the Days Inn (SR 47 &
I-75) in Sidney. This program will begin at 5:00 p.m. with a
light supper and the marketing update; the Pesticide Training and
Fertilizer Trainings will be held from 5:30 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.
These trainings will be conducted by OSU Extension personnel.
The reason for this change is two-fold: The addition of the
Fertilizer Certification makes for an extra-long day when doing both
daytime and evening sessions, and there’s a conflict with the College
Football Playoff National Championship game on the evening of January
11th. We hope this allows for producers to get their
recertification training as well as catch the game!
You can register for either of these meetings by contacting the
Shelby County Extension office at 937.498.7239 or emailing Debbie Brown
at brown.1522@osu.edu. Be sure to indicate which program you wish
to attend and whether you’re coming for Pesticide Applicator
Recertification ($35) or just for the Fun, Food, Fellowship, and Lots
of Information!! ($10).
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and
appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry.
C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy
Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are
directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents
associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State
University.
Contributing to this issue:
Contributors:
Rory Lewandowski (Wayne), Sam Custer (Darke), Jason Hartschuh
(Crawford), Amanda Bennett (Miami), Les Ober (Geauga), Amanda Douridas
(Champaign), Mike Gastier (Huron), Mark Badertscher (Hardin), Eric
Richer (Fulton), Bruce Clevenger (Defiance), Sarah Noggle (Paulding),
Tony Campbell, Greg LaBarge (Agronomy Field Specialist), Steve Culman,
Dennis Riethman (Mercer), Andy Michel (Entomology), Ed Lentz (Hancock)
Authors:
Rich Minyo (Corn & Wheat Performance Trials), Allen Geyer, Peter
Thomison (Corn Production), David Lohnes, Laura Lindsey (Soybeans and
Small Grains), Mark Loux (Weed Science), Harold Watters, CPAg/CCA
(Agronomy Field Specialist), Debbie Brown (Shelby)
Editor:
Harold Watters, CPAg/CCA
Disclaimer
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are
supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and
no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although
every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely,
and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the
pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
Ohio State University Extension embraces human diversity and is
committed to ensuring that all research and related educational
programs are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis
without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin,
sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, disability, or
veteran status. This statement is in accordance with United States
Civil Rights Laws and the USDA.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Agricultural
Administration; Associate Dean, College of Food, Agricultural, and
Environmental Sciences; Director, Ohio State University Extension and
Gist Chair in Extension Education and Leadership.
TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868.
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If you have any questions, please contact us:
Agronomic Crops Team Co-coordinators
Greg LaBarge
labarge.1@osu.edu
(740) 223-4040 or
Harold Watters
watters.35@osu.edu
(937) 599-4227
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